Mahatma Gandhi biography

 

Mahatma Gandhi Biography: Life, Struggles, Achievements, and Legacy

Mahatma Gandhi is one of the most respected and influential leaders in world history. Known as the Father of the Nation in India, he played a key role in India’s independence movement against British rule. His philosophy of non-violence, truth, and civil disobedience inspired not only Indians but also global leaders fighting for justice, freedom, and human rights.

Mahatma Gandhi biography

In this detailed biography, we will explore the life journey of Mahatma Gandhi — from his childhood and education to his struggles, achievements, and lasting legacy.

Early Life and Education

On October 2, 1869, in the Gujarati coastal town of Porbandar, Mahatma Gandhi was born as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. His mother, Putlibai, was a devout woman who had a big impact on the young Mohandas, and his father, Karamchand Gandhi, was the Diwan (chief minister) of Porbandar state.

As a child, Gandhi was shy, quiet, and deeply introspective. At the age of 13, he married Kasturba Gandhi, a relationship that lasted the rest of his life. Despite being a child marriage, their relationship grew into one of mutual respect and support.

In 1888, at the age of 19, Gandhi traveled to London to study law. He enrolled at the Inner Temple and became a qualified barrister. During his time in England, he explored different religions, developed his moral compass, and became a vegetarian, which later became a central part of his philosophy.

Civil Rights Activism in South Africa (1893–1915)

Gandhi relocated to South Africa in 1893 to practice law after earning his degree. The first time he encountered racial discrimination was in South Africa.  One major incident that changed his life was being thrown out of a train in Pietermaritzburg because he refused to move from a first-class seat, which was reserved for whites.

This humiliation ignited a fire in Gandhi. He stayed in South Africa for 21 years, where he organized the Indian community against unjust laws and discrimination. He developed the concept of Satyagraha, meaning "truth-force" or non-violent resistance. This philosophy became the foundation of his political strategies throughout his life.

During this time, Gandhi led several protests, including against a law requiring Indians to carry registration passes. His peaceful defiance gained widespread attention and laid the groundwork for his future leadership in India.

Return to India and Entry into Politics

In 1915, Gandhi returned to India. He spent his initial years traveling across the country, understanding the real conditions of rural India. With the guidance of leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale, he entered active politics and began his journey in the Indian freedom movement.

His first major involvement came in 1917 in the Champaran Satyagraha, where he supported poor farmers forced to grow indigo under oppressive conditions. The success of this movement proved Gandhi’s ability to unite people peacefully and challenge injustice without violence.

This was followed by the Kheda Satyagraha and the Ahmedabad Mill Strike, further solidifying his position as a national leader.

Major Movements Led by Gandhi

1. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922)

Gandhi called for complete non-cooperation with British rule. He urged Indians to boycott British goods, schools, courts, and government jobs. The movement attracted millions of Indians. However, after the Chauri Chaura incident in which protesters killed policemen, Gandhi called off the movement, refusing to allow violence to stain his philosophy.

2. Civil Disobedience Movement and Salt March (1930)

In protest of the British monopoly on salt, Gandhi led the famous Salt March, also known as the Dandi March, walking 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi. Thousands joined him, making salt from seawater to defy British laws.

The Civil Disobedience Movement that followed saw mass participation, arrests, and a rise in nationalist spirit. Gandhi became a global symbol of peaceful resistance.

3. Quit India Movement (1942)

During World War II, Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement, demanding immediate British withdrawal. His slogan "Do or Die" became a national call for freedom. Gandhi and other leaders were arrested, and the country was plunged into chaos. Despite suppression, the movement intensified the call for independence.

Beliefs and Philosophy

Gandhi’s entire life was based on the principles of Truth (Satya) and Non-Violence (Ahimsa). He believed that truth should never be compromised, and violence should never be used, even in the fight for justice.

Mahatma Gandhi biography

Other key beliefs included:

• Self-reliance (Swaraj): Gandhi believed true independence meant self-rule, both politically and spiritually.
• Khadi and Village Industries: He promoted hand-spun cloth (Khadi) and self-employment to revive rural India.
• Religious Tolerance: He deeply respected all religions and often quoted texts from the Bhagavad Gita, Quran, and Bible.
• Upliftment of Harijans (Dalits): Gandhi referred to Dalits as "Harijans," or children of God, and fought to abolish the caste system and untouchability.

Role in India’s Independence

Mahatma Gandhi’s efforts ultimately led to India gaining independence from British rule on August 15, 1947. Though he never held any official position in government, his influence shaped India’s moral and political direction.

However, partition brought communal violence between Hindus and Muslims, which deeply pained Gandhi. He went on fasts to promote peace and even visited affected regions to encourage unity.

Assassination and Death

On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was assassinated in New Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist who opposed his efforts to unite Hindus and Muslims. Gandhi was walking to a prayer meeting when he was shot. His final words, "Hey Ram," became legendary.

His death shocked the world and was mourned by millions.

Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi

The legacy of Mahatma Gandhi is timeless. Global movements for equality, justice, and peace continue to be motivated by his teachings.

Global Influence:

• Martin Luther King Jr. adopted Gandhi’s non-violence in the U.S. civil rights movement.
• Nelson Mandela fought against South Africa's apartheid using Gandhian ideals.
• Barack Obama referred to Gandhi as a personal hero.

Memorials and Honors:

• Gandhi’s birthday, October 2, is observed as Gandhi Jayanti in India.
• It is also recognized as the International Day of Non-Violence by the United Nations.
• His statues, writings, and ideas continue to be studied in universities and schools worldwide.

Conclusion

Mahatma Gandhi was more than just a political leader—he was a moral visionary who believed in changing the world through peace, compassion, and truth. His life was a constant struggle against injustice, yet he chose the path of non-violence. His story reminds us that great change is possible without hate or violence.

Today, in a world marked by conflict and division, Gandhi’s message is more relevant than ever. His life proves that one man can truly make a difference, not just for one nation, but for the world.

Mahatma Gandhi biography

Life of Mahatma Gandhi

Gandhi non-violence movement

Salt March Gandhi

Quit India Movement 1942

Gandhi's role in Indian independence

Father of the Nation India

Truth and Ahimsa philosophy

Gandhi assassination 1948

Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi